Electric-arc lamp



(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. A. HAYES. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 445,176. Patented Jan.27,1891.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets---Sheet 2.

J. A. HAYES.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 445,176. Patented Jan. 27, 1891.

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J. A. HAYES..

ELEOTRIG ARC LAMP.

No. 445,176. Patented Jan.27,1891.

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ELEGTRIG ARC LAMP.

No. 445,176. Patented Jan. 2'7, 1891.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J OEL A. HAYES, OF CARSON CITY, NEVADA.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 445,176, dated January 27, 1891.

Application filed April 23, 1890.

To all "whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOEL A. HAYES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Carson City, Ormsby county, and State of Ne vada, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Eleetric-Are Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the construction of an electric-arc lamp.

The object of the invention is for the improvement in the effective operation of are lamps.

There are many details of mechanical construction comprising the invention, and the same are brought out in the accompanying drawings, in whieh- Figure 1 is a vertical elevation with a portion of the exterior of the lamp broken away, whereby the interior becomes visible. Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1 at right angles to the same, with the exception that the casing surrounding the mechanism is omitted and that the socket of the lamp is shown in section. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the complete lamp, the section being central and some of the details-such as wheels and shaftsnot being sectional. Fig. 4c is a similar view to Fig. 3, looked at in exactly the opposite direction, the upper part of the lamp being broken away, and shown in Fig. 5, which is an opposite view of the device from that seen in Fig. et, a portion being broken away and a portion being in section. The view is similar to the same part seen in Fig. 1, except that the mechanism is at a different phase. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the device below the line X in Fig. Fig. 7 is a view looking downward on the top of the are lamp, the circle being the outline of the magnet, the side view or rectangular view of Fig. 7 being shown in Fig. 8, which is an opposite view of the same mechanism seen in Figs. 5 and 1. Fig. 0 is a view looking upward from the bottom of Fig. 4, with the wires omitted, or it may be considered as asimilar view of Figs. 1, 2, or 3. Figs. 10 are different views of the same detail, being a guide for the pawl seen in Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the gear-wheels and ratchet-wheels seen in Fig. 8, and the upper parts of Figs. 5, 3, 2, and 1, the section being taken through the Serial No. 349,076. (No model.)

arbor upon which the wheels are located, while the arbor is not shown in section.

The device embodying my invention consists of the combination of a hollow core a, through which passes the upper carbon 11, (shown dotted in some of the figures and in full in Fig. 1,) and carrying a spool c, which is provided with two coils of different resistances, the one surrou ndin g the other and both surrounding the core; a hollow armature (Z fitting loosely around the upper end of the said core and carrying a rack e, extending along its length vertically and engaged with a pinion f, which is mounted upon an arbor g loosely, the said pinion being provided upon an interior cylindrical surface with teeth, or rather with a ratchet-wheel 72-, with which is engaged a pawl 2'; a beveled wheel m and a cylindrical wheel 11, both provided with teeth and mounted upon opposite ends of a collar 0, which is secured upon the pawl i and rotary upon the said arbor and passing through the center of the pinion f; a vertical shaftp, carrying at its upper end a beveled toothed wheel m, which gears with the wheel in; screws or worms q and q, carried re spectively at the middle and lower parts of the shaft p, which is formed in two parts insulated from each other by the non-metallic piece 1); an upper worm-wheel r, geared to the worm q, and a lower worm-wheel r, geared to the worm q, both of said wheels being located in substantially the same plane, and each one of them carrying upon its shaft grooved wheels 5 and s, respectively, which are located directly opposite pivoted grooved wheels S and S, the upper carbon 1) passing between and supported by the upper pair of wheels 8 and S, and the lower carbon Z) being carried between and supported by the lower pair of wheels S and s.

In Fig. 8 is shown a small secondaryor areforming armature d, pivoted at the lower part of the armature cl at the point '20. Its upper end is beveled, as shown, by the edge a". This edge presses against the lower edge :0 of the guidey. (Seen also in Fig.10 The secondary armature 61' carries a pivoted pawl 2", which engages with the upper part of a ratchet wheel 72', mounted upon and secured to the collar 0. The teeth of the ratchet-wheel n point in such a direction that when the armature d is pulled downward it turns the wheel on to the right, reference being had to Fig. 8, while at the same time the magnetism in the armature d attracts and holds the armature d in a yielding manner, the force of magnetism acting on the armature d in the manner of a spring. When the armature d rises, the edge as forces the armature d and the pawl 7, into a new position, where the latter is ready upon the movement of the armature (Z to again rotate the shaft g.

The details of construction and of invention are as follows: The terminals of the lamps are respectively A and B at the lower part.

The former, by the insulated wire 0, connects with one terminal of the magnet D at the point E. The other terminal E of the said magnet connects with the plate F, (insulated from the frame F,) which connects electrically with the contact wneels or rollers S and s through the pivot-joint of roller S and screw q, engaged with wheel 8, and thence with the upper carbon b. The carbons having touched each other, the main current passes through, both carbons, through the contact wheels or rollers S and 8, through the lower part of frame F to the binding-post B. The

circuit through the shunt-coil H may be traced.

in Fig. 3, the one terminal in the upper carbon b and the other terminal in the lower carbon I). From the upper carbon the circuit includes in order the rollers S and s, the

late F and core a the ivoted circnitcloser P P l, (normally open,) the contact or opposite pole 1 thereof, the coil or shunt-magnet H by the wire H, then out by the wire H to the frame F, and then to the opposite carbon 1) by therollers s and S The main-line ter-,

minals are A and B, respectively, and are seen specially in Fig. 4. By any convenient means the support. or post terminal J is fixed upon the post J. A lamp-socket J rests upon and is rotary upon the said support J, the terminal A being upon the lamp itself and the spring electric terminal A" upon the supportJ. Then when the lamp is turned the terminals A and A are solocated that they will touch or separate from each other, and thus put the lamp in the main circuit or out it out therefrom. Vhen properly turned, the projection 13 comes in contact with the spring A and short-circuits the lamp, or completes the main circuit without including the lamp. The projection B is electrically connected to the terminal B.

There are springs K and K connecting the upper and lower rollers, and the rollersS and S are pivoted, so that when the carbons are fed so much that they leave the rollers the latter come together and the circuit is closed at the points L and L, the former being attached to the roller S and the latter to the 7 post A, (see Fig. 6,) so that the current can' pass directly from the terminal or post A to terminal B. The pivots upon which the rollers S and S swing are M. The especial obshould also be elastic.

ject of the springs K and K is to press the rollers (which make the electrical contact with the carbons) upon the carbons b and b.

The frame F is divided into a lower and upper part at the point F, where the two are joined together by the bolts P, passing through the lugs P. The upper part of the frame consists of two vertical tubes, the one surrounding and inclosing the wire 0 and the other the shaft 1), the tubes entering attop and bottom, respectively, an upright and inverted bowl or cylindrical cup inclosing, respectively, the upper and lower rollers S s and S s, the bowls being provided with holes Q and Q, respectively, for the passage of the carbons b and b.

The frame F is insulated from all that upper part of the lamp above the plate F, so that the connection by wire H may be from the coil H to the frame F and thence to the terminal B. At Risinsulation to keep the upper carbon 1) from electrically touching the frame F.

The pawl 2" should be of such dimensions and material as to be easily bent, and it It may be made of thin sheet-brass. Its lower right-hand end is attached to the armature d, slightly distant.

from the center of rotation of the-said armature, so that when the latter is attracted to and against the larger armature cl the said pawl t" rotates the ratchet-wheel with which it is engaged. The movement is quick and the carbons are therefore quickly and slightly separated. The spring-pawl t" is not only elastic, but the armature d is held only in an elastic manner toward the armature d. In brief, as the armature d is attracted and moves down, the first attraction of movement of the small armature d separates the carbons quickly to the maximum amount to form the are. When the coil H is neutralized and armature 01 moves up and down, the carbons are fed together with approximately the same rate as the consumption of the carbon. The fluctuation of the up-and-down movement of the armature isso slight that no flickering of the light is perceptible. If the motion up of the armature d should be unusually great, the carbons do not separate too far to destroy the arc.

The secondary armature or the small vertical armature onthe right of the primary armature is what maybe styled the arc-forming armature, because when the current is flowing through the lamp the primary armature d thereby becomes magnetized. The secondary or arc-forming armature d (after establishing the are by separating the carbons) is attracted to and is held against the outer edge of the armature d so long as the armature d remains magnetized, for when the current is flowing through the lamp the armatured ascends by virtue of the two upright spiral springs 15 to a height that is limited by- Now when the armature (Z has risen to a certain height it raises the contact-breaker I, thus opening the circuit in the controllinghelix. The shunt or controlling-helix H thereby loses (momentarily) its tie-magnetizing influence overthe hollow core a. The momentarily-increased force of magnetism in the hollow core a pulls down the armature d, with out moving the carbons, until the current again flows through the secondary helix D. As the amount of current flowing through the shunt-coil depends on the size, consequently by the resistance of the arc the primary armature (Z ascends (feeding the carbons) until it cuts out the controlling-helix II, as before, this limited movement of the primary armature (I being repeated until the carbons are consumed. Then when the carbons are consumed or the current should cease to flow through the lamp the spiral springs t, Fig. 3, pull the primary armature (Z up as high as it will go. The secondary armature then becomes separated from the armature (Z by the post with the wedge-shaped head in the support y, Fig. 10, being between them. This movement of the secondary armature lowers the pawl that is pivoted at its lower end until it comes in gear with the ratchet-wheel n, Fig. '7, in which position it remains until the armature (Z moves downward, when the lamp is switched on again. The primary armature never rises to the top when the current is flowing through the lamp. The controllinghelix II prevents it doing so.

I claim as my invention-- 1. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination, with the operating-armature thereof, of a rack attached thereto, apinion engaging with said rack, a ratchet-wheel fixed to said pinion, a pawl engaged with said ratchet-wheel and mounted upon a collar which carries a beveled wheel and a second ratchet-wheel upon opposite ends, a secondary armature pivoted to the first armature and provided with a sec- 0nd pawl, a vertical shaft provided with a beveled wheel which is geared to the first beveled wheel, worms upon said shaft, one of the worms engaging with means, such as wormwheels, for operating or feeding the upper carbon of the lamp and the other with similar means for operating the lower carbon, main and shunt magnets with inductive relation to said armatures, a circuit-closer in circuit with said shunt-magnet, a projection upon said armature for operating said circuit-closer, the said two pawls being oppositely engaged to said ratchet-wheels for the purpose hereinbefore described, and means, such as springs, acting in opposition to the attraction of said magnets upon the said first armature 2. In an electric-arc lamp, means forbringin g the carbons together upon closing the circuit, consisting of a magnet in said circuit, an armature therefor, a secondary armature pivoted upon the first-named armature and carrying a pawl, a ratchetwheel into which said pawl is engaged and mounted upon an arbor provided with a beveled gear-wheel, and a vertical shaft geared to the upper and lower carbons in the manner and for the purpose described and geared to said beveled gearwheel.

3. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of an operating or vibrating armature for feeding the carbons, a core of a magnet projecting into and fitting loosely in said armature and carrying supports it, provided with guiding-holes, through which pass vertical rods J, attached to said armature, nuts 12 at the upper ends of said rods, and helical springs tending to straighten, surrounding said rods and located between said supports and said nuts.

4. In an elcctric'arc lamp, a socket carrying the same and rotary upon a post or similar support, a terminal A of the lamp being lo cated upon the lamp and a terminalA of the main line upon the post, the two terminals being so located as to come into contact with each other when the socket is rotated, and a projection or terminal. B, attached to the post and lying so thatit comes in contact with the terminal 1 when the lamp is rotated, the terminal B being the opposite terminal of the main line from terminal A.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in pres ence of two witnesses, this 3d day of April, 1890.

JOEL A. HAYES.

Witnesses:

ALEXANDER LAMONT, A. C. PRATT. 

